Exam+Preparation

= ﻿ Unit 1 Psychology Exam:=

Structure of the exam:
Reading Time (10 minutes) Writing Time (1 hour 30 minutes)
 * Multiple Choice
 * Short Answer
 * Extended Response

Answers to Visual Perception Revision:
Multiple Choice Research Methods: research problem || What is to be investigated - include background. || What is Psychology?:
 * ** Question ** ||  ** Answer **  ||  ** Question **  ||  ** Answer **  ||  ** Question **  ||  ** Answer **  ||  ** Question **  ||  ** Answer **  ||
 * 1 ||  ** D **  ||  11  ||  ** C **  ||  21  ||  ** C **  ||  30  ||  ** B **  ||
 * 2 ||  ** C **  ||  12  ||  ** B **  ||  22  ||  ** D **  ||  31  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 3 ||  ** D **  ||  13  ||  ** A **  ||  23  ||  ** B **  ||  32  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 4 ||  ** A **  ||  14  ||  ** A **  ||   ||  ** D **  ||  33  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 5 ||  ** B **  ||  15  ||  ** A **  ||  24  ||  ** B **  ||  34  ||  ** C **  ||
 * 6 ||  ** B **  ||  16  ||  ** D **  ||  25  ||  ** C **  ||  35  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 7 ||  ** A **  ||  17  ||  ** A **  ||  26  ||  ** C **  ||  36  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 8 ||  ** C **  ||  18  ||  ** C **  ||  27  ||  ** A **  ||  37  ||  ** A **  ||
 * 9 ||  ** C **  ||  19  ||  ** B **  ||  28  ||  ** A **  ||  38  ||  ** D **  ||
 * 10 ||  ** D **  ||  20  ||  ** C **  ||  29  ||  ** C **  ||  39  ||  ** D **  ||
 * **Topic** || **Vocabulary** || **Definition** ||
 * Scientific Method || Scientific method || A series of systematic steps used when planning, conducting, analysing, interpreting and reporting the research of a scientific study. ||
 * || Identify the
 * || Formulate a hypothesis || Make a prediction about what your findings will be. Identify the independant and dependant variables. ||
 * || Design the method || How the research will take place and what steps will be taken. ||
 * || Collect the data || Observe or record the responses of participants and organise these into a readable and meaningful format. ||
 * || Analyse the data || Thoroughly organise results into a meaningful format. ||
 * || Interpret the results || Draw conclusions from the results. ||
 * || Report the findings || Write a research report. ||
 * Experimental Method || Experimental method || A method whereby a formal trial is undertaken to confirm or disconfirm a hypothesis. ||
 * || Experimental hypothesis || A broad and general predictions about the directions of the relationships between variables in an experiment. ||
 * || Operational hypothesis || A precisely defined and described predictions about how each variable is measured and the effect it is expected to have on behavior. ||
 * || Independent variable || A Changing factor that is manipulated by the experimenter. ||
 * || Dependent variable || Any factor which is deemed to have a subservient relationship with the independent variable. ||
 * || Extraneous variable || An unforeseen factor that had affected the results of the experiment ||
 * || Confounding variable || Any systematic variable in a study other than the Independent Variable, that changes the Dependant Variable. ||
 * || Random sampling || A sampling technique ensuring that every member in the population has an equal chance of being selected for the sample being used in the study. ||
 * || Representative sample ||  ||
 * || Stratified sample ||  ||
 * || Random stratified sample ||  ||
 * || Experimental group ||  ||
 * || Control group ||  ||
 * || Participants ||  ||
 * || Population ||  ||
 * || Results ||  ||
 * || Conclusion ||  ||
 * || Generalisation ||  ||
 * || Measure of central tendency ||  ||
 * || Mean ||  ||
 * || Median ||  ||
 * || Mode ||  ||
 * || Reliability ||  ||
 * || Validity ||  ||
 * || Empirical evidence || Information gathered from direct observation and measurement. ||
 * Non-experimental methods || Qualitative data ||  ||
 * || Quantitative data ||  ||
 * || Case study ||  ||
 * || Naturalistic observation ||  ||
 * Ethical Principles || Confidentiality ||  ||
 * || Voluntary Participation ||  ||
 * || Informed consent ||  ||
 * || Withdrawal rights ||  ||
 * || Deception ||  ||
 * || Debriefing ||  ||
 * **Topic** || **Vocabulary** || **Definition** ||
 * What is Psych? || Psychology || The systematic study of behaviour (overt and covert) and mental processes, including cognition, emotion and perception ||
 * || Behaviour || Is every action an individual engages in whether it be observable (overt) or not (covert) ||

Visual Perception:

Spectrum || Visible Light || Specific wavelengths of electromagnetic energy to which the human eye is sensitive || Spectrum ||  ||
 * **Topic** || **Vocabulary** || **Definition** ||
 * The eye || Cornea || A convex-shaped and transparent membrane that protects the front of the eye. ||
 * || Pupil || An adjustable opening in the centre of the eye that allows light to enter the eye. The size of the pupil is controlled by the iris and it appears black. ||
 * || Iris || A coloured muscle in the eye that expands and contracts to change the size of the pupil in order to control the amount of light entering the eye. ||
 * || Vitreous Humour ||  ||
 * || Lens || A transparent, convex structure behind the pupil that is adjusted in order to focus light onto an image on the retina ||
 * || Ciliary Muscles || muscles located in the eye that control the focus of the lens on objects seen in the visual field. ||
 * || Aqueous Humour ||  ||
 * || Retina || A layer of light sensitive tissue located at the back of the eye. ||
 * || Fovea ||  ||
 * || Photoreceptors || Specialised cells in the retina that receive and detect information from light. Rods and cones are photoreceptors. ||
 * || Rods || Specialised photoreceptor cells located on the retina, help with night vision and peripheral vision. ||
 * || Cones || specialised photoreceptor cells located on the retina, help with day vision and visual acuity. ||
 * || Optic Nerve || The nerve that connects the eye to the brain along which neural messages are sent to the brain for interpretation. ||
 * || Blind spot ||  ||
 * Visible Light
 * || Visible Light Spectrum ||  ||
 * || Absolute Threshold ||  ||
 * || Just noticable difference ||  ||
 * || Nanometers ||  ||
 * || Hue ||  ||
 * || Electromagentic
 * Visual Perception || Sensation || is when a stimuli is recognised by our sensory systems. ||
 * || Perception || is when the stimuli is organised and interpreted into a meaningful form ||
 * || Reception || the first stage of the visual perception process where light is detected by the eye ||
 * || Transmission || the second stage of the visual perception process where the light detected by the eye gets changed so that the brain can interpret the stimuli. ||
 * || Transduction || the third stage of the visual perception process where the the stimuli is sent through the optic nerve to the brain. ||
 * || Selection || the fourth stage of the visual perception process where feature detector cells filter the stimulus for important information eg. lines, pattern. ||
 * || Organisation and interpretation || the fifth stage of the visual perception process where the stimulus is organised into group and then a perception is formed on the stimulus. ||
 * Gestalt Principles || Similarity ||  ||
 * || Proximity ||  ||
 * || figure- ground ||  ||
 * || closure ||  ||
 * Depth Cues ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||
 * Visual Constancies ||  ||   ||